E Grace Hanks Face Drawing American Artist Art Instrution Sept 1937 Vol 1 Issue 5 P 29

Pinocchio (1940 moving-picture show)

Last updated April 24, 2022

1940 American animated musical fantasy film

Pinocchio
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Supervising Directors Ben Sharpsteen Hamilton Luske Sequence Directors Neb Roberts Norman Ferguson Jack Kinney Wilfred Jackson T. Hee
Story by	Ted Sears Otto Englander Webb Smith William Cottrell Joseph Sabo Erdman Penner Aurelius Battaglia
Based on	The Adventures of Pinocchio past Carlo Collodi
Produced by	Walt Disney
Starring	Cliff Edwards Dickie Jones Christian Rub Walter Catlett Charles Judels Evelyn Venable Frankie Darro
Music past	Leigh Harline Paul J. Smith
Production company	Walt Disney Productions
Distributed past	RKO Radio Pictures
Release dates	February7,1940 (1940-02-07) (Middle Theatre) [1] February23,1940 (1940-02-23) (United states) [2]
Running time	88 minutes
Land	U.s.a.
Linguistic communication	English
Budget	$2.6 million [three]
Box office	$164one thousand thousand

Pinocchio is a 1940 American animated musical fantasy motion picture produced past Walt Disney Productions and based on the 1883 Italian children's novel The Adventures of Pinocchio past Carlo Collodi. Information technology was the second blithe feature picture show produced by Disney, fabricated afterwards the first animated success Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937).

• Plot
• Voice bandage
• Production
• Evolution
• Writing and blueprint
• Casting
• Animation
• Music
• Themes
• Abode media
• Reception
• Initial release
• Reissues
• Modernistic acclaim
• Legacy
• Cancelled sequel
• Live-action adaptation
• In other media
• Run into also
• References
• Bibliography
• External links

The plot involves an onetime Italian woodcarver named Geppetto who carves a wooden boob named Pinocchio. The puppet is brought to life by a blue fairy, who informs him that he can become a existent boy if he proves himself to be "brave, truthful, and unselfish". Pinocchio'due south efforts to get a real boy involve encounters with a host of unsavory characters. The key character of Jiminy Cricket is based on a 100-year "wise, old" talking cricket from the original book, ^[4] who warns Pinocchio of his impudence when they meet only to be killed in return presently later on, before returning as a ghost. ^[5] The film was adapted by several storyboard artists from Collodi's book. The production was supervised by Ben Sharpsteen and Hamilton Luske, and the picture show'south sequences were directed by Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, Wilfred Jackson, Jack Kinney, and Bill Roberts. Pinocchio was a groundbreaking achievement in the area of furnishings animation, giving realistic movement to vehicles, machinery and natural elements such as rain, lightning, smoke, shadows and water. The film was released to theaters by RKO Radio Pictures on Feb 23, 1940.

Although it became the first animated feature to win a competitive University Honor — winning two for Best Music, Original Score and for Best Music, Original Song for "When You Wish Upon a Star" — it was initially a box office bomb, mainly due to World War Two cutting off the European and Asian markets overseas. Information technology somewhen made a profit in its 1945 reissue, and is considered one of the greatest animated films e'er made, with a 100% rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes. The film and characters are still prevalent in pop civilisation, featuring at various Disney parks and in other forms of entertainment. In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the United states National Film Registry for beingness deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". ^[6]

In April 2015, a live-action accommodation had officially entered development. Filming began in March 2021.

Plot

Jiminy Cricket addresses the audience equally the narrator to tell a story of a wish coming truthful. The story takes place in a hamlet in Italy onetime in the late 19th century, where he arrived at the shop of a woodworker and toymaker named Geppetto, who lives with his pets, Figaro the kitten and Cleo the goldfish. Geppetto creates a marionette whom he names Pinocchio. Falling asleep, Geppetto wishes upon a star for Pinocchio to be a existent boy. Belatedly that night, a Blue Fairy visits the workshop and brings Pinocchio to life, although he remains a puppet. She informs him that if he proves himself brave, truthful, and unselfish, he volition become a real male child. When Jiminy reveals himself, the Blue Fairy assigns him to be Pinocchio's conscience. Geppetto wakes upwardly, and is overjoyed to discover his puppet is alive and will become a real boy.

The next forenoon, on his way to schoolhouse, Pinocchio is led astray past con-artist trick Honest John and his sidekick Gideon the Cat. Honest John convinces him to join Stromboli's puppet evidence, despite Jiminy'due south objections. Pinocchio becomes Stromboli's star allure but when he tries to become abode, Stromboli locks him in a cage and leaves to tour the world with Pinocchio. Afterwards Jiminy unsuccessfully tries to free his friend, the Blue Fairy appears and an anxious Pinocchio lies on what happened, merely his olfactory organ grows longer and longer. The Blue Fairy restores his nose and frees him when Pinocchio promises to make amends, just warns him she can no longer help him.

Honest John and Gideon are promised money by a mysterious "Coachman", if they can notice disobedient boys for him to have to Pleasance Island. Though Honest John and Gideon are frightened by the Coachman's implication on what happens to the boys and past the astringent legal consequences if the law finds out, the former convinces Pinocchio to accept a vacation on Pleasure Isle after his terrible experience with Stromboli. On the way, Pinocchio befriends Lampwick, a delinquent boy. At Pleasance Island, without rules or authority to enforce their activeness, Pinocchio, Lampwick and other boys shortly engage in smoking cigars and cigarettes, gambling, vandalism, and getting drunk, much to Jiminy's frustration. Jiminy discovers that a curse on the isle turns boys who 'make donkeys of themselves' into bodily donkeys and the Coachman sells them to slave labor in salt mines and circuses. Pinocchio witnesses Lampwick transforming into a ass, and with Jiminy'due south aid, Pinocchio escapes, partially transformed with a ass'due south ears and tail, though they have to abandon Lampwick and the boys in the clutches of the Coachman.

Returning dwelling house, Pinocchio and Jiminy observe Geppetto's workshop deserted. They get a letter of the alphabet from the Blue Fairy in the form of a dove, stating that Geppetto had gone out looking for Pinocchio but was swallowed by Monstro, a fell sperm whale, and is at present living in the belly of the animal. Determined to rescue his father, Pinocchio jumps into the ocean, accompanied by Jiminy. Pinocchio is soon swallowed by Monstro, where he reunites with Geppetto. Pinocchio devises a scheme to make Monstro sneeze, giving them a chance to escape. The scheme works, but the enraged whale chases them and smashes their raft. Pinocchio selflessly pulls Geppetto to safety in a cave just equally Monstro crashes into information technology and Pinocchio is seemingly killed.

Back dwelling house, Geppetto, Jiminy, Figaro, and Cleo are brokenhearted over the loss of Pinocchio. However, the Blue Fairy revives Pinocchio and turns him into a real human male child, getting rid of his donkey ears and tail in the process, much to everyone'south joy. As the grouping celebrates, Jiminy steps exterior to thank the Fairy and is rewarded with a solid gold badge that certifies him as an official conscience.

Vox cast

• Dick Jones every bit Pinocchio, a wooden puppet carved by Geppetto, and turned into a living puppet by the Blueish Fairy.
• Cliff Edwards as Jiminy Cricket, a cheerful, intelligent, and wisecracking cricket, who acts as Pinocchio'south "conscience", and the fractional narrator of the story.
• Christian Rub equally Geppetto, a kind and elderly wood-carver, who creates Pinocchio, and wishes for him to become a real boy. He speaks with an Austrian emphasis.
• Clarence Nash every bit Figaro, Geppetto's spoiled pet cat who is decumbent to jealousy. Cleo, Geppetto's flirty pet goldfish with a addiction of existence Figaro's counselor, is unvoiced. Figaro and Cleo were original characters added to the script by the Disney squad. ^[7]
• Walter Catlett every bit "Honest" John Worthington Foulfellow, a dishonest, mendacious, illiterate, poor, and greedy anthropomorphic red play a trick on who swindles Pinocchio twice.
  • "Giddy" Gideon the Cat, Honest John'southward mute, dimwitted and bumbling anthropomorphic feline partner and sidekick who serves as the picture show's comic relief. He was originally intended to exist voiced past Mel Blanc of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies fame (in his 2d piece of work for Disney until his final work in Who Framed Roger Rabbit ), just the filmmakers removed his dialogue from the script in favor of a mute performance just like Dopey in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and the circus elephant title character Dense; ^[8] however, Gideon's hiccups were provided past Blanc. ^[viii]
• Charles Judels as Stromboli, a barbarous and greedy puppeteer, who intends to force Pinocchio to perform onstage in order to make money and to use him as "firewood" once he gets "also erstwhile" to perform, revealing too his sadistic attitude. He speaks Italian with an Italian emphasis, and curses in an Italian gibberish when he gets aroused, though he is chosen "Gypsy" by Honest John, probably due to his theatre and caravan always traveling, forth with other names similar "rascal" and "faker". Due to his popularity, he's been for long the only graphic symbol of the picture show to be part of the official Disney Villains line-up.
  • Judels besides voiced the cruel and wicked Coachman, owner and operator of Pleasure Isle, where unruly boys are turned into donkeys and sold. This latter is the only adversary of the film which is non an official fellow member of the same Disney Villains line-up/franchise.
• Evelyn Venable every bit the Blue Fairy, who brings Pinocchio to life, and promises to turn him into a real boy if he proves himself brave, truthful, and selfless. Live-action references for the Blue Fairy were provided by Marge Champion, who did live-action references for the titular heroine in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs .
• Frankie Darro as Lampwick, a naughty and spoiled boy that Pinocchio befriends on his style to Pleasure Isle. He is turned into a donkey on Pleasance Island.
• Stuart Buchanan as the Funfair Barker, the announcer heard on Pleasure Island. In a book adaptation of the film, "Barker" is how the Coachman is named.
• Thurl Ravenscroft as Monstro, the infamous, mean, barbarous, gigantic, and terrible whale. He swallows Pinocchio, Geppetto, Figaro and Cleo, then tries to kill them later they escape from his belly by making him sneeze.

(The voice cast were all uncredited equally was the practice at the time for many animated films.)

Product

Development

In September 1937, during the production of Snowfall White and the 7 Dwarfs , animator Norman Ferguson brought a translated version of Carlo Collodi's 1883 Italian children'due south novel The Adventures of Pinocchio to the attention of Walt Disney. After reading the book, "Walt was busting his guts with enthusiasm" equally Ferguson later recalled. Disney then commissioned storyboard artist Bianca Majolie to write a new story outline for the book, just after reading it, he felt her outline was too faithful. ^[9] Pinocchio was intended to be the studio'due south tertiary feature, later on Bambi . Withal, due to difficulties with Bambi (adapting the story and animating the animals realistically), Disney announced that Bambi would be postponed while Pinocchio would move ahead in production. Ben Sharpsteen was and then re-assigned to supervise the production while Jack Kinney was given directional reins. ^{[10] [9]}

Writing and design

Unlike Snow White, which was a short story that the writers could expand and experiment with, Pinocchio was based on a novel with a very fixed, although episodic, story. Therefore, the story went through drastic changes before reaching its final incarnation. ^[8] In the original novel, Pinocchio is a cold, rude, ungrateful, inhuman deviling that often repels sympathy and only learns his lessons the hard way. ^[xi] The writers decided to modernize the character and describe him similar to Edgar Bergen'due south dummy Charlie McCarthy, ^[12] merely as as rambunctious as the puppet in the book. The story was still being developed in the early stages of animation. ^[11]

Early on scenes blithe by Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas show that Pinocchio'southward pattern was exactly like that of a real wooden puppet with a long pointed nose, a peaked cap and bare wooden hands. ^[8]

Early on scenes animated past Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston show that Pinocchio'southward pattern was exactly like that of a real wooden boob with a long pointed nose, a peaked cap and bare wooden hands. ^[13] Disney, however, was not impressed with the work that was being done on the film. He felt that no i could really sympathise with such a grapheme and chosen for an immediate halt in production. ^{[xi] [12]} Fred Moore redesigned the character slightly to brand him more appealing, but the design yet retained a wooden experience. ^[xiv] Young and upcoming animator Milt Kahl felt that Thomas, Johnston and Moore were "rather obsessed with the idea of this boy beingness a wooden puppet" and felt that they should "forget that he was a puppet and get a beautiful little male child; you lot tin can ever draw the wooden joints and make him a wooden puppet after". Co-supervising director Hamilton Luske suggested to Kahl that he should demonstrate his beliefs by animating a examination sequence. ^[xv] Kahl showed Disney a test scene in which Pinocchio is underwater looking for his father. ^[xvi] From this scene, Kahl re-envisioned the character past making him look more similar a real boy, with a child's Tyrolean hat and standard cartoon character four-fingered (or three and a thumb) hands with Mickey Mouse-type gloves on them. ^[17] The only parts of Pinocchio that withal looked more than or less similar a puppet were his arms, legs and his little button wooden nose. Disney embraced Kahl'due south scene and immediately urged the writers to evolve Pinocchio into a more innocent, naïve, somewhat coy personality that reflected Kahl'southward pattern. ^[18]

Notwithstanding, Disney discovered that the new Pinocchio was too helpless and was far too often led off-target by deceiving characters. Therefore, in the summertime of 1938, Disney and his story team established the character of the cricket. Originally, the talking cricket was simply a minor character that Pinocchio abruptly killed by squashing him with a mallet and that subsequently returned every bit a ghost. Disney dubbed the cricket "Jiminy", and made him into a character that would try to guide Pinocchio into the right decisions. ^[19] One time the character was expanded, he was depicted equally a realistic cricket with toothed legs and waving antennae, but Disney wanted something more likable. Ward Kimball had spent several months animating ii sequences—a soup-eating musical number and a bed-edifice sequence—in Snow White, which was cut from the picture due to pacing reasons. Kimball was about to quit until Disney rewarded him for his piece of work past promoting him to the supervising animator of Jiminy Cricket. ^[20] Kimball then conjured upward the design for Jiminy Cricket, whom he described as a little man with an egg head and no ears. ^[21] Jiminy "was a cricket because we called him a cricket," Kimball later joked. ^[nineteen]

Casting

Dickie Jones (right, every bit an adult) voices Pinocchio in the moving picture.

Due to the huge success of Snow White, Walt Disney wanted more famous voices for Pinocchio, which marked the first fourth dimension an animated film had used celebrities equally vocalisation actors. ^[22] He bandage pop vocalist Cliff Edwards, too known every bit "Ukulele Ike", as Jiminy Cricket. ^[23] Disney rejected the idea of having an adult play Pinocchio and insisted that the character be voiced by a existent kid. He cast 11-yr-old child thespian Dickie Jones, who had previously been in Frank Capra's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington . ^[24] He too cast Frankie Darro equally Lampwick, Walter Catlett as Foulfellow the Fox, Evelyn Venable every bit the Blue Fairy, Charles Judels equally both the villainous Stromboli and the Coachman, and Christian Rub equally Geppetto, whose design was fifty-fifty a caricature of Rub. ^[25]

Some other phonation role player recruited was Mel Blanc, best remembered for voicing many of the characters in Warner Bros. cartoon shorts. Blanc was hired to perform the voice of Gideon the True cat. However, information technology was eventually decided that Gideon would be mute, and then all of Blanc's recorded dialogue was subsequently deleted except for a solitary hiccup, which was heard iii times in the finished film. ^{[ citation needed ]}

Animation

Animation on the pic began in Jan 1938, merely piece of work on Pinocchio'due south animation was discontinued as the writers sought to re-work his label and the film'southward narrative structure. However, blitheness on the film's supporting characters started in April 1938. ^[13] Animation would not resume again with the revised story until September. ^[18]

During the production of the flick, story artist Joe Grant formed a character model section, which would be responsible for building iii-dimensional clay models of the characters in the film, known as maquettes. These models were so given to the staff to find how a character should be fatigued from any given angle desired by the artists. ^[16] The model makers too built working models of Geppetto'due south elaborate cuckoo clocks designed by Albert Hurter, besides as Stromboli's gypsy wagon and wooden cage, and the Coachman's carriage. However, owing to the difficulty animative a realistic moving vehicle, the artists filmed the carriage maquettes on a miniature gear up using end motion blitheness. Then, each frame of the blitheness was transferred onto animation cels using an early version of a Xerox. The cels were and so painted on the back and overlaid on meridian of background images with the cels of the characters to create the completed shot on the rostrum camera. Like Snow White, live-action footage was shot for Pinocchio with the actors playing the scenes in pantomime, supervised by Luske. ^[26] Rather than tracing, which would consequence in stiff unnatural movement, the animators used the footage as a guide for animation by studying homo movement and then incorporating some poses into the animation (though slightly exaggerated). ^[26]

Pinocchio was a groundbreaking achievement in the area of effects animation, led by Joshua Meador. In dissimilarity to the grapheme animators who concentrate on the acting of the characters, furnishings animators create everything that moves other than the characters. This includes vehicles, machinery and natural effects such as rain, lightning, snow, fume, shadows and water, equally well equally the fantasy or science-fiction type effects like the Pixie Dust of Peter Pan (1953 film). The influential abstruse animator Oskar Fischinger, who mainly worked on Fantasia contributed to the furnishings animation of the Blueish Fairy's wand. ^[27] Furnishings animator Sandy Strother kept a diary virtually his year-long blitheness of the water effects, which included splashes, ripples, bubbling, waves and the illusion of being underwater. To assistance give depth to the body of water, the animators put more particular into the waves on the water surface in the foreground, and put in less detail as the surface moved further back. After the blitheness was traced onto cels, the assistant animators would trace it again with blue and blackness pencil leads to give the waves a sculptured look. ^[28] To save time and money, the splashes were kept impressionistic. These techniques enabled Pinocchio to be 1 of the first animated films to take highly realistic effects animation. Ollie Johnston remarked "I think that's ane of the finest things the studio's ever done, as Frank Thomas said, 'The water looks so real a person tin drown in it, and they do.'" ^[29]

Music

The songs in Pinocchio were composed by Leigh Harline with lyrics by Ned Washington. Leigh Harline and Paul J. Smith composed the incidental music score. ^[xxx] The underscore for the Monstro hunt sequence was orchestrated by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer composer Leo Arnaud. The soundtrack was first released on February 9, 1940. ^[xxx] Jiminy Cricket'south song, "When You Wish Upon A Star", became a major hit and is still identified with the moving picture, and later on as the theme song of The Walt Disney Company itself. ^[31] The soundtrack won an Academy Award for Best Original Score. ^[31]

Themes

Commentator Nicholas Sammond considers Pinocchio to be a metaphor for American child rearing in the mid-20th century.

M. Keith Booker considers the picture show to exist the most down-to-globe of the Disney animated films despite its theme song and magic, and notes that the film's protagonist has to piece of work to testify his worth, which he remarked seemed "more in line with the ethos of commercialism" than most of the Disney films. ^[32] Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh believe that the male protagonists of films like Pinocchio and Bambi (1942) were purposefully constructed by Disney to appeal to both boys and girls. ^[33] Mark I. Pinsky said that it is "a unproblematic morality tale—cautionary and schematic—platonic for moral instruction, save for some of its darker moments", and noted that the film is a favorite of parents of young children. ^[34]

Nicolas Sammond argues that the motion-picture show is "an apt metaphor for the metaphysics of midcentury American kid-rearing" and that the pic is "ultimately an assimilationist fable". ^[35] He considered information technology to be the central Disney film and the most strongly heart class, intended to relay the bulletin that indulging in "the pleasures of the working form, of vaudeville, or of pool halls and amusement parks, led to a life as a brute of brunt". For Sammond, the purpose of Pinocchio is to help convey to children the "heart-class virtues of deferred gratification, self-denial, thrift, and perseverance, naturalized as the experience of the most average American". ^[36]

Writer and illustrator Maurice Sendak, who saw the motion picture in theaters in 1940, called the motion-picture show superior to Collodi's novel in its depiction of children and growing upwardly. "The Pinocchio in the moving picture is non the unruly, sulking, vicious, devious (albeit nevertheless charming) marionette that Collodi created. Neither is he an innately evil, doomed-to-calamity child of sin. He is, rather, both lovable and loved. Therein lies Disney'southward triumph. His Pinocchio is a mischievous, innocent and very naive little wooden boy. What makes our feet over his fate endurable is a reassuring sense that Pinocchio is loved for himself -- and non for what he should or shouldn't exist. Disney has corrected a terrible wrong. Pinocchio, he says, is skillful; his "badness" is only a matter of inexperience," and also that "Pinocchio's wish to be a real boy remains the film's underlying theme, but "condign a existent boy" at present signifies the wish to abound upward, not the wish to exist good." ^[37]

On July sixteen, 1985, it was released on VHS, Betamax, CED, and LaserDisc in Northward America for the first fourth dimension as function of the Walt Disney Classics characterization, the second title with the Classics label afterward Robin Hood which was released the previous December. ^[38] It would go the best-selling dwelling house video title of the year selling 130–150,000 units at $80 each. ^[39] Information technology was re-issued on Oct xiv, 1986 to advertise the dwelling video debut of Sleeping Beauty . It was then released on VHS in the UK in 1988 for the first time. ^[forty] The digital restoration that was completed for the 1992 cinema re-issue was released on VHS and Laserdisc on March 26, 1993, ^[41] followed by its quaternary VHS release and first release on Disney DVD every bit the 60th Anniversary Edition on October 25, 1999. ^[42]

The moving-picture show was re-issued on DVD and one concluding time on VHS every bit part of the Walt Disney Gold Classics Collection release on March 7, 2000. ^[43] Along the moving picture, the VHS edition also contained a making-of documentary while the DVD had the motion picture'south original theatrical trailer as supplemental features. ^[44] The Gold Archetype Drove release was returned to the Disney Vault on January 31, 2002. ^[45]

A special edition VHS and DVD of the moving picture was released in the Great britain on March 3, 2003. ^{[ citation needed ]} The 4th DVD release and get-go Blu-ray Disc release (the second Blu-ray in the Walt Disney Platinum Editions serial) was released on March x, 2009. ^{[ commendation needed ]} Like the 2008 Sleeping Beauty Blu-ray release, the Pinocchio Blu-ray package featured a new restoration by Lowry Digital in a two-disc Blu-ray set, with a bonus DVD version of the moving picture likewise included. ^[46] This set returned to the Disney Vault on April 30, 2011. ^[47] A Signature Edition was released on Digital HD on January 10, 2017 and was followed by a Blu-ray/DVD combo pack on Jan 31, 2017. ^{[48] [49]}

Reception

Initial release

Pinocchio title menu

Frank Southward. Nugent of The New York Times gave the motion-picture show five out of 5 stars, saying "Pinocchio is hither at final, is equally equally fine every bit we had prayed it would exist—if not finer—and that it is as gay and clever and delightful a fantasy as any well-behaved youngster or jaded oldster could hope to see." ^[50] Fourth dimension gave the moving-picture show a positive review, stating "In adroitness and delicacy of drawing and coloring, in the articulation of its dozens of characters, in the greater variety and depth of its photographic effects, it tops the loftier standard Snow White set. The charm, humour and loving care with which it treats its inanimate characters puts it in a class by itself." ^[51] Variety praised the blitheness as superior to Snow White ' s writing the "[a]nimation is so polish that cartoon figures carry impression of real persons and settings rather than drawings to onlooker." In summary, they felt Pinocchio "volition stand up on [its] own as a substantial piece of amusement for young and old, providing attention through its perfection in animation and photographic effects. ^[52] The Hollywood Reporter wrote "Pinocchio is amusement for every one of every age, so completely charming and delightful that there is profound regret when it reaches the final fade-out. Since comparisons volition be inevitable, it may besides be said at once that, from a technical standpoint, conception and production, this motion-picture show is infinitely superior to Snowfall White." ^[53] The movie won the Academy Awards for Best Original Song, for When Yous Wish Upon a Star , and Best Original Score, the first Disney film to win either. ^[31]

Initially, Pinocchio was not a box-role success. ^[54] The box office returns from the film's initial release were both beneath Snowfall White'due south unprecedented success and below studio expectations. ^[55] Of the film's $2.6one thousand thousand negative toll – twice the toll of Snowfall White ^[iii] – Disney simply recouped $anemillion by late 1940, with studio reports of the motion picture's concluding original box office accept varying betwixt $1.4million and $1.91000000. ^[56] Animation historian Michael Bulwark notes that Pinocchio returned rentals of less than i million past September 1940, and in its first public annual report, Walt Disney Productions charged off a $1one thousand thousand loss to the motion-picture show. ^[57] Bulwark relays that a 1947 Pinocchio remainder sheet listed total receipts to the studio of $1,423,046.78. This was primarily due to the fact that Globe State of war II and its aftermath had cut off the European and Asian markets overseas, and hindered the international success of Pinocchio and other Disney releases during the early and mid-1940s. ^[58] Joe Grant recalled Walt Disney beingness "very, very depressed" most Pinocchio's initial returns at the box office. ^[55] The distributor RKO recorded a loss of $94,000 for the film from worldwide rentals of $3,238,000. ^[59]

Reissues

With the re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1944 came the tradition of re-releasing Disney films every seven to ten years. ^[sixty] Pinocchio was theatrically re-released in 1945, 1954, 1962, 1971, 1978, 1984, and 1992. RKO handled the showtime two reissues in 1945 and 1954, while Disney itself reissued the picture from 1962 on through its Buena Vista Distribution division. The 1992 re-result was digitally restored by cleaning and removing scratches from the original negatives 1 frame at a time, eliminating soundtrack distortions, and revitalizing the color. ^[61]

Despite its initial struggles at the box role, a serial of reissues in the years after World War Two proved more successful, and allowed the moving picture to turn a profit. By 1973, the motion-picture show had earned rentals of $13 million in the Us and Canada from the initial 1940 release and four reissues. ^{[62] [63]} After the 1978 reissue, the rentals had increased to $19.9 million ^[64] from a total gross of $39 meg. ^[65] The 1984 reissue grossed $26.4 million in the U.S. and Canada, ^[66] bringing its full gross there to $65.4 million ^[65] and $145 million worldwide. ^[38] The 1992 reissue grossed $18.9 one thousand thousand in the U.S. and Canada bringing Pinocchio's lifetime gross to $84.3million at the U.S. and Canadian box office. ^[65]

Modern acclaim

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has the website'southward highest rating of 100%, pregnant every single one of the 56 reviews of the reviews from contemporary, to modern re-appraisals, on the site are positive, with an average rating of nine.1/10. ^[67] The general consensus of the film on the site is "Ambitious, adventurous, and sometimes frightening, Pinocchio arguably represents the pinnacle of Disney's nerveless works - it's beautifully crafted and emotionally resonant.". ^[67] On Metacritic, Pinocchio has a weighted score of 99 out of 100 based on 17 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". It is currently the highest-rated animated film on the site, too as the highest-rated Disney animated picture. ^[68]

Many film historians consider this to be the film that virtually closely approaches technical perfection of all the Disney animated features. ^[69] Film critic Leonard Maltin said, "with Pinocchio, Disney reached non but the height of his powers, but the apex of what many critics consider to be the realm of the animated drawing." ^[70]

In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the United States National Film Registry every bit being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". ^{[half dozen]} Filmmaker Terry Gilliam selected it as ane of the ten best animated films of all fourth dimension in a 2001 commodity written for The Guardian ^[71] and in 2005, Time named it one of the 100 best films of the concluding 80 years, and then in June 2011 named it the best animated movie of "The 25 All-Time Best Animated Films". ^[72]

In June 2008, the American Motion picture Found revealed its "10 top 10"—the best ten films in ten "archetype" American flick genres—afterward polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Pinocchio was acknowledged as the second best film in the animation genre, afterward Snow White. ^[73] It was nominated for the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies, ^[74] and received further nominations for their Thrills ^[75] and Heroes and Villains (Stromboli in the villains category) lists. ^[76] The vocal "When Yous Wish Upon A Star" ranked number 7 on their 100 Songs list, ^[77] and the film ranked 38th in the 100 Cheers listing. ^[78] The quote "A lie keeps growing and growing until it'due south as plainly as the nose on your face" was nominated for the Film Quotes list, ^[79] and the picture show received further nomination in the AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals list. ^[eighty]

On June 29, 2018, Pinocchio was named the 13th best Disney animated movie by IGN. ^[81]

Canadian psychologist Hashemite kingdom of jordan Peterson has spoken virtually the picture show in his lectures extensively, citing it as an example of "the manner in which great mythological and archetypal themes inform and permeate narrative." ^[82] Film critic Roger Ebert, adding it to his list of "Great Movies", wrote that the movie "isn't merely a concocted fable or a silly fairy tale, simply a narrative with deep archetypal reverberations." ^[83]

Legacy

Geppetto, primarily animated by Art Babbit, and Pinocchio at Magic Kingdom

Pinocchio's village, Disneyland, inspired past Gustaf Tenggren paintings

Figaro, the petulant and jealous kitten character, primarily blithe by Eric Larson, has been described every bit a "hit with the audiences", which resulted in him making appearances in several subsequent Disney short films in the 1940s. ^[84]

Many of Pinocchio ' s characters are costumed characters at Disney parks. ^[85] Pinocchio's Daring Journeying is a pop ride at the original Disneyland, ^[85] Tokyo Disneyland, ^[86] and Disneyland Park in Paris. ^[87] Pinocchio Hamlet Haus is a quick service eating place at Walt Disney World that serves pizza and macaroni and cheese. ^[88] In that location are similar quick-service restaurants at the Disneyland parks in Anaheim and Paris as well, with nearly identical names. ^[88]

Disney on Ice starring Pinocchio, toured internationally from 1987 to 1992. ^[89] A shorter version of the story is also presented in the current Disney on Ice product "I Hundred Years of Magic". ^[89]

Bated from the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, Game Boy, and SNES games based on the animated moving-picture show, Geppetto and Pinocchio likewise appear as characters in the game Kingdom Hearts . ^[xc] The within of Monstro is also featured as one of the worlds. ^[91] Jiminy Cricket appears as well, interim as a recorder, keeping a periodical of the game's progress in Kingdom Hearts, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories , and, Kingdom Hearts Two . ^[91] Pinocchio's domicile earth was slated to appear in Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days , just was omitted due to time restrictions, although talk-sprites of Pinocchio, Geppetto, Honest John and Gideon have been revealed. ^[92] As compensation, this world appears in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance , under the proper noun "Prankster's Paradise", with Dream world versions of Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket, Geppetto, Cleo, Monstro and the Blue Fairy appearing. ^[92]

Cancelled sequel

In the mid-2000s, Disneytoon Studios began evolution on a sequel to Pinocchio. Robert Reece co-wrote the pic'south screenplay, which saw Pinocchio on a "foreign journey" for the sake of something dear to him. "It's a story that leads Pinocchio to question why life appears unfair sometimes," said Reece. ^[93] John Lasseter cancelled Pinocchio II soon later beingness named Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios in 2006. ^[94]

Live-activity adaptation

In 1985, Jim Henson and director Steve Barron approached Walt Disney Pictures with the thought of a live-action version of Pinocchio, simply Disney turned down the project. ^[95] Barron nonetheless managed to make The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996), distributed by New Line Movie theatre. ^[96] In April 2015, it was announced that Disney was developing a feature length live-action accommodation of Pinocchio, with Peter Hedges writing the script. ^{[97] [98]} In May 2017, Sam Mendes entered talks to direct the film, with Chris Weitz serving as screenwriter and producer. ^[99] In November, Mendes stepped down as director. ^[100]

Past February 2018, Paul Male monarch was announced as director, with Andrew Milano co-producing with Weitz and Jack Thorne rewriting the script. ^[101] Main photography was appear to take place in England and Italy, beginning in 2019. ^[102] By November 2018, Tom Hanks entered talks to portray Geppetto. ^{[103] [104]} In January 2019, King stepped down equally manager, due to familial personal reasons. ^[105]

By October 2019, Robert Zemeckis entered talks to serve as the director on the projection, with a script co-written by King, Weitz, and Simon Farnaby. Weitz and Milano are however confirmed every bit producers. ^[106] The same month, it was reported that due to the less-than-expected box office numbers from Dumbo and Maleficent: Mistress of Evil , Disney was because releasing the film exclusively through its streaming service, Disney+. ^{[ commendation needed ]} By January 2020, it was announced that Zemeckis had officially joined the project every bit director, with a script he co-wrote with Weitz, that Jack Rapke and Jackie Levine will serve every bit executive producers, and that the moving-picture show would even so receive a theatrical release. ^[107] In August 2020, Tom Hanks, a recurring collaborator of Zemeckis', once again entered talks to play Geppetto. ^[108] In Dec 2020, the official release of Pinocchio on Disney+ was announced and that Hanks had officially signed on to play Geppetto. ^[109] The picture show will feature the original's classic songs and new musical numbers written by Alan Silvestri and Glen Ballard. ^{[ citation needed ]} In January 2021, Oakes Fegley and Luke Evans entered early on negotiations to portray Lampwick and the Coachman, respectively. ^[110] The following month, Evans confirmed his casting for the movie. ^[111]

In March 2021, Benjamin Evan Ainsworth, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Cynthia Erivo, Keegan-Michael Key, and Lorraine Bracco joined the bandage equally Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket, the Blueish Fairy, Honest John, and a new graphic symbol named Sofia the Seagull, respectively. ^{[112] [113]} Primary photography officially began on March 17, 2021. ^[114]

In other media

The Silly Symphony Sunday comic strip published an adaptation of Pinocchio from Dec 24, 1939 to April 7, 1940. The sequences were scripted by Merrill De Maris and drawn by Hank Porter. ^[115]

See also

• 1940 in flick
• List of American films of 1940
• List of Walt Disney Pictures films
• Listing of Disney theatrical animated features
• List of animated feature films of the 1940s
• List of highest-grossing animated films
• List of Disney animated films based on fairy tales
• Listing of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a pic review aggregator website
• List of films considered the best

Related Research Articles

The Adventures of Pinocchio is a novel for children past Italian author Carlo Collodi, written in Pescia. It is about the mischievous adventures of an animated marionette named Pinocchio and his begetter, a poor woodcarver named Geppetto.

Jiminy Cricket is the Walt Disney version of the "Talking Cricket", a fictional character created by Italian author Carlo Collodi for his 1883 children's book The Adventures of Pinocchio, which Disney adapted into the animated flick Pinocchio in 1940. Originally an unnamed, minor character in Collodi's novel who is killed by Pinocchio before returning as a ghost, he was transformed for the Disney adaptation into a comical and wisecracking partner who accompanies Pinocchio on his adventures, having been appointed by the Blue Fairy to serve as Pinocchio's official censor. In the film, he sings "When You Wish Upon a Star", widely considered the Walt Disney Company'due south signature vocal.

The Fairy with Turquoise Hair is a fictional graphic symbol in the 1883 Italian book The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, repeatedly appearing at critical moments in Pinocchio'southward wanderings to admonish the little wooden puppet to avert bad or risky beliefs.

The Adventures of Pinocchio is a 1996 fantasy family motion-picture show, directed past Steve Barron and based on the original 1883 novel of the same name by Carlo Collodi. Barron collaborated with Sherry Mills, Tom Bender and Barry Berman on the screenplay. The motion picture was an American, British, French, Czech, and German venture produced by New Line Cinema, The Kushner-Locke Company, Savoy Pictures, Pangaea Holdings and Twin Continental Films. The flick stars Martin Landau, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Rob Schneider, Udo Kier, Bebe Neuwirth, David Doyle and Geneviève Bujold. The film was both a critical and commercial failure.

Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night is a 1987 American blithe fantasy take a chance film that was released on Dec 25, 1987, by New World Pictures. Created by Filmation, the moving picture was conceived as a sequel to the 1883 Italian archetype novel The Adventures of Pinocchio past Carlo Collodi, existence set a year later Pinocchio became a real boy. It was also described past some as a "thinly-veiled" sequel to Disney's 1940 archetype Pinocchio. Disney sued Filmation for copyright infringement, simply Filmation won the lawsuit on the grounds that Collodi'south work is in the public domain.

The Fob and the Cat are a pair of fictional characters and the primary antagonists in Italian writer Carlo Collodi'south 1883 book Le avventure di Pinocchio. They are depicted as con-men, who hoodwink Pinocchio and try to murder him. They pretend to be disabled: the Play a joke on lame and the Cat blind. The Fox appears to be more intelligent than the True cat, who usually limits himself to repeating the Play a joke on's words.

Pinocchio's Daring Journey is a dark ride at Disneyland in California, Tokyo Disneyland, and Disneyland Park in Paris. Located in the Fantasyland section of each park, this ride is based on Disney'due south 1940 animated motion-picture show version of the classic story, which was the studio's second blithe characteristic film. The attraction tells an abbreviated version of the film, with Pinocchio escaping from Stromboli's circus and visiting Pleasure Island, ignoring Jiminy Cricket's advice. Monstro the whale makes an appearance, and Pinocchio is finally reunited with Geppetto and turned into a real boy.

Mangiafuoco is a fictional grapheme who appears in Carlo Collodi'southward 1883 book The Adventures of Pinocchio. He is the theatre director and puppet-master of the Not bad Marionette Theatre.

The Coachman, also known as The Little Human being (L'Omino), is a fictional grapheme who appears in Carlo Collodi's 1883 volume The Adventures of Pinocchio.

The Terrible Dogfish is a dogfish-similar body of water monster, which appears in Carlo Collodi's 1883 volume The Adventures of Pinocchio. It is described as being larger than a v-story building, a kilometer long and sporting iii rows of teeth in a mouth that can easily accommodate a train. Then fearsome is its reputation, that in Chapter XXXIV, it is revealed that the Dogfish is nicknamed "The Attila of fish and fishermen".

Geppetto is a 2000 made-for-tv musical remake of the popular 1883 Italian children's book The Adventures of Pinocchio past Carlo Collodi starring Drew Carey and Julia Louis-Dreyfus. It featured original songs written by Stephen Schwartz. Schwartz had developed the songs as a reunion for stars Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke, only Andrews was undergoing throat surgery so the idea was dropped.

The State of Toys is a fictional location in the Italian novel The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883) that is disguised as a oasis of freedom and anarchy for boys and occasionally girls, but is somewhen discovered to be far more sinister.

Pinocchio is the soundtrack to the 1940 Walt Disney picture of the aforementioned proper name, first released on February nine, 1940. The album was described equally being "recorded from the original soundtrack of the Walt Disney Product Pinocchio". Co-ordinate to Walt Disney Records, "this is the get-go time the phrase 'original soundtrack' was used to refer to a commercially available movie recording."

Geppetto, also known as Mister Geppetto, is a fictional grapheme in the 1883 Italian novel The Adventures of Pinocchio past Carlo Collodi. Geppetto is an elderly, impoverished woodcarver and the creator of Pinocchio. He wears a yellow wig resembling cornmeal mush, and consequently his neighbors call him "Polendina" to annoy him. The name Geppetto is a Tuscan atomic of the name Giuseppe.

Pinocchio is an Italian fictional character and the protagonist of the children's novel The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883) past Italian author Carlo Collodi of Florence, Tuscany. Pinocchio was carved past a woodcarver named Geppetto in a Tuscan hamlet. He was created every bit a wooden puppet but he dreams of becoming a real boy. He is known for his long olfactory organ, which grows when he lies.

The Talking Cricket is a fictional graphic symbol that appears in the 1883 Italian volume The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi.

Candlewick is a fictional graphic symbol who appears in Carlo Collodi's 1883 volume The Adventures of Pinocchio.

The New Adventures of Pinocchio is a 1960-1961 syndicated stop motion animated television series produced past Rankin/Bass Productions in the United States and made by Dentsu Studios in Nippon. Created by Arthur Rankin, Jr. and his partner Jules Bass, information technology was based on the 1883 book The Adventures of Pinocchio written by Italian author, Carlo Collodi. The series was Rankin/Bass' kickoff production to be made in "Animagic", a stop motion puppet blitheness technique which, in association with the company, was done by Tadahito Mochinaga's MOM Productions.

Pinocchio is a play by Dennis Kelly, based on the classic children'south story by Carlo Collodi and featuring the songs and score from the 1940 Walt Disney animated film by Leigh Harline, Ned Washington and Paul J. Smith, newly adjusted by Martin Lowe.

Pinocchio is an upcoming American live-action computer-blithe musical fantasy motion-picture show directed past Robert Zemeckis from a screenplay by Zemeckis and Chris Weitz, and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. Information technology is a remake of the 1940 moving picture of the same name, which is itself based on the 1883 Italian book The Adventures of Pinocchio, past Carlo Collodi. The picture stars Tom Hanks, Cynthia Erivo, and Luke Evans with Benjamin Evan Ainsworth, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Keegan-Michael Key and Lorraine Bracco in phonation roles.

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Bibliography

• Bulwark, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age: American Animation in Its Golden Age . Oxford Academy Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802079-0.
• Barrier, Michael (2008). The Animated Man: A Life of Walt Disney. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520256194.
• Brook, Jerry (2005). The Animated Flick Guide . Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-56976-222-vi.
• Booker, G. Keith (2010). Disney, Pixar, and the Hidden Messages of Children's Films. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-37672-6.
• Canemaker, John (2001). Walt Disney's Ix Old Men and the Art of Blitheness. Disney Editions. ISBN 978-0786864966.
• Gabler, Neal (2006). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-75747-4.
• Honeyman, Susan (2013). Consuming Agency in Fairy Tales, Childlore, and Folkliterature. Routledge. ISBN 978-i-136-60395-ii.
• Mitchell, Claudia; Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline (2008). Girl Culture: Studying girl culture: a readers' guide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-33909-7.
• Moritz, William (2004). Optical Poetry: The Life and Work of Oskar Fischinger. Indiana Academy Press. ISBN 0-253-34348-8.
• Pinsky, Marking I. (2004). "4". The Gospel According to Disney: Religion, Trust, and Pixie Dust. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-23467-half dozen.
• Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles and Albums. Guinness World Records Limited. ISBN 978-one-904994-10-vii.
• Thomas, Bob (1994) [1976]. Walt Disney: An American Original. San Val, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-7857-5515-9.
• Wasko, Janet (2013). Agreement Disney: The Manufacture of Fantasy. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-7456-6904-5.

External links

• Official website
• Pinocchio at the American Motion picture Institute Catalog
• Pinocchio at AllMovie
• Pinocchio at The Big Cartoon DataBase
• Pinocchio at Box Office Mojo
• Pinocchio at IMDb
• Pinocchio at Rotten Tomatoes
• Pinocchio at Metacritic
• Pinocchio at the TCM Movie Database
• Eagan, Daniel (2010). "Pinocchio". America'due south Moving-picture show Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry. A & C Blackness. pp.311–313. ISBN 978-0826429773.
• Kaufman, J.B. (2014). "Pinocchio" (PDF). National Film Registry .

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